Understanding the difference between a 504 plan and an IEP: A guide for parents
As parents, we want our children to feel supported and successful at school. But when a child or teen struggles with learning, attention or emotional challenges, it can feel overwhelming to figure out what kind of help they need and how to get it. Two of the most common types of school support plans are the 504 plan and the IEP (Individualized Education Program).
At first glance, they may sound similar—but there are important differences. Working as a part of this process with school staff and parents for over a decade as a school counselor myself, I can share that knowing these differences helps you advocate for the right kind of support for your child.
What is a 504 plan?
A 504 plan comes from Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, which is a civil rights law. Its main goal in schools is to make sure children with disabilities have the same access to learning as other students.
Purpose: To remove barriers so your child can learn in a general education setting
Who qualifies: Children with a disability (anxiety or dyslexia, for example) that impacts a major life activity (like learning, concentrating or communicating) but who don’t necessarily need specialized instruction
What it provides: Accommodations, or changes in the way your child learns or how teachers deliver information
Examples of 504 accommodations:
Extra time on tests
Preferential seating in the classroom
A quiet space for work or testing
Permission to take breaks
Access to counseling services during the day
What is an IEP?
An IEP comes from the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), a federal education law. It goes a step further than a 504 by providing specialized instruction and individualized goals.
Purpose: To create a customized education plan with specific learning goals and services
Who qualifies: Children who meet certain criteria for one of the 13 categories of disability under IDEA (such as ADHD, autism, emotional disturbance or specific learning disability)
What it provides: Special education services, goals and sometimes therapies in addition to accommodations
Examples of IEP supports:
Speech or occupational therapy during the school day
Small-group or one-on-one instruction
Behavior intervention plans
Specialized reading or math programs
Goals that are regularly reviewed and updated
Key differences (at a glance)
| 504 Plan | IEP |
|---|---|
| Civil rights law (Rehab Act, Section 504) | Education law (IDEA) |
| Provides accommodations | Provides accommodations + specialized instruction + services |
| For students with disabilities that affect learning but don’t require special education | For students who need special education due to one of 13 specific disabilities |
| Often shorter and less detailed | Comprehensive, legally binding document reviewed annually |
How do I know which one my child or teen needs?
If your child or teen just needs adjustments to the learning environment (like extended time, breaks or seating changes), a 504 plan may be the right fit.
If your child or teen needs individualized instruction, therapeutic services or measurable education goals, an IEP is often more appropriate.
Schools usually conduct evaluations to help determine eligibility. As a parent, you can request these evaluations in writing if you feel your child needs extra support, and keep in mind, it’s helpful to gather documentation from your child’s physician(s) and therapist(s).
Final thoughts
Both 504 Plans and IEPs are designed to help children succeed, but the type of plan depends on your child’s unique needs. If you’re unsure where to start, you don’t have to figure it out alone—teachers, school counselors, principals and therapists or counselors (what’s the difference?), like myself, can help guide you through the process.
Most importantly, remember that seeking support is not about labeling your child—it’s about giving them the tools they need to thrive inside their school environment.
I created this infographic to give a visual overview for those who take things in better when they see an image breakdown. You’re welcome to save and share wherever.
AS ALWAYS, YOU CAN REACH OUT TO ME FOR HELP, QUESTIONS OR TO SET UP A TIME TO TALK.